Income Inequality by State
Data as of 2022Gini coefficient by state from 1974 to 2022.
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How is this data produced?
The primary Gini coefficient at state-level is computed based on the distribution of households' gross monthly income, where:
- Gini coefficient values are bounded within 0 and 1, with higher values indicating greater income inequality.
- A value of 0 indicates perfect equality (i.e. that every household has the same income).
- A value of 1 indicates total inequality (i.e. that 1 household earns all the income while all others earn nothing).
Because the computation of the Gini coefficient relies on household income data, Malaysia's Gini coefficient statistics are produced and published together with statistics on household income derived from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), which is conducted at least twice within any 5-year period. For full details on the methodology, especially the computation of the PLI and its evolution and nuances, please refer to the technical notes.
What caveats I should bear in mind when using this data?
Given that the data is produced from surveys spanning over half a century, it should be noted that:
- Kuala Lumpur was gazzeted as a Federal Territory on 1 February 1974. Accordingly, data for W.P. Kuala Lumpur is only available from 1976. Prior to that, data for residents of W.P. Kuala Lumpur was included under Selangor.
- Labuan was gazetted as a Federal Territory on 16 April 1984. However, due to limitations in sampling, data for W.P. Labuan is only available from 2007. Prior to that, data for residents of W.P. Labuan was included under Sabah.
- Putrajaya was gazzeted as a Federal Territory on 1 February 2001. However, due to limitations in sampling, data for W.P. Putrajaya is only available from 2007. Prior to that, data for residents of W.P. Putrajaya was included under Selangor.
Publication(s) using this data
The Household Income Survey Report, 2022, the latest edition of the household income statistics published by DOSM. OpenDOSM also features a dashboard on household income which enables you to explore Malaysia's household income data interactively.
Metadata
Dataset description
Gini coefficient by state from 1974 to 2022.
Variable definitions
- State
- Date
- Gini Coefficient
Name in Dataset | Variable | Definition |
|---|---|---|
state (Categorical) | State | One of 16 states, including the 3 Federal Territories |
date (Date) | Date | The date in YYYY-MM-DD format, with MM-DD set to 01-01 as the data is at annual frequency |
gini (Float) | Gini Coefficient | The Gini coefficient based on the distribution of households' gross monthly income |
Last updated:
28 Jul 2023, 12:00
Next update:
N/A
Data source(s)
- Department of Statistics Malaysia
URLs to dataset
License
This data is made open under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). A copy of the license is available Here.
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Data
Full Dataset (CSV)
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Full Dataset (Parquet)
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Code
Connect directly to the data with Python.
# If not already installed, do: pip install pandas fastparquet
import pandas as pd
URL_DATA = 'https://storage.dosm.gov.my/hies/hh_inequality_state.parquet'
df = pd.read_parquet(URL_DATA)
if 'date' in df.columns: df['date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date'])
print(df)Sample OpenAPI query
The following code is an example of how to make an API query to retrieve the data catalogue mentioned above. You can use different programming languages by switching the code accordingly. For a complete guide on possible query parameters and syntax, please refer to the official Open API Documentation.
import requests
import pprint
url = "https://api.data.gov.my/data-catalogue?id=hh_inequality_state&limit=3"
response_json = requests.get(url=url).json()
pprint.pprint(response_json)
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